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Population characteristics: ACS 2020–2024

American Community Survey 5-year estimates with 90% margins of error for the United States, states, DC, counties and incorporated places. Release acs-2020-2024-5yr-r1.

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United States demographics: age, race and income

The median age in United States is 38.9 years. 35.7% of adults 25 and older hold a bachelor’s degree or higher, and the median household income is $80,734. About 12.5% of residents live below the poverty level, and 14.1% were born outside the United States.

These are American Community Survey 5-year estimates for 2020–2024. They describe the 60 months ending in December 2024, come from a sample survey with the margins of error shown, and are separate from the July 1, 2025 population estimate above.

United States population characteristics, ACS 2020–2024 5-year estimates with 90 percent margins of error
CharacteristicUnited StatesMargin
Age and sex
Median age38.9±0.1
Under 18 years22.0%±<0.1
65 years and over17.2%±<0.1
Female50.5%±<0.1
Race and Hispanic origin
Hispanic or Latino (any race)19.3%±<0.1
White alone, not Hispanic57.4%±<0.1
Black alone, not Hispanic11.9%±<0.1
Asian alone, not Hispanic5.9%±<0.1
American Indian and Alaska Native, not Hispanic0.5%±<0.1
Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, not Hispanic0.2%±<0.1
Some other race, not Hispanic0.6%±<0.1
Two or more races, not Hispanic4.3%±<0.1
Born outside the United States14.1%±<0.1
Households and education
Households129,227,496±209,365
Average household size2.53±0.01
Bachelor’s degree or higher, age 25+35.7%±0.1
Income and poverty
Median household income$80,734±$166
Below the poverty level12.5%±0.1

Margins are 90% margins of error. Percentages are computed from published Summary File counts with Census Bureau margin formulas. ACS survey population: 334,922,499; 2024 boundaries. Source and download

What the file contains

One row per geography with an estimate and a 90% margin-of-error column for each indicator: ACS survey population, median age, shares under 18 and 65 and over, female share, Hispanic or Latino share and seven non-Hispanic race groups, foreign-born share, households, average household size, bachelor’s degree or higher among adults 25 and over, median household income in 2024 dollars, and the share below the poverty level. Column labels and units are in the data dictionary.

Source and calculation

Values come from the Census Bureau’s 2020–2024 ACS 5-year table-based Summary File, tables B01001, B01002, B01003, B03002, B05002, B11001, B15003, B17001, B19013 and B25010, retrieved October 29, 2026. Medians, households and household size are published estimates. Percentages are computed from published counts; their margins use the Census Bureau’s approximation formulas for sums and proportions, including the rule that only the largest margin among zero-estimate cells enters a sum. They can therefore differ slightly from the margins printed in Census Data Profiles. The retained extract and original file hashes are listed in the README.

Reading survey estimates

Five-year estimates pool responses collected from January 2020 through December 2024 and use 2024 boundaries. They describe that period, not a single date, and should not be compared with an overlapping 5-year period. Small places have wide margins: profiles mark estimates whose coefficient of variation exceeds 30%. The ACS survey population is not a substitute for the PEP annual estimate, which remains the headline total on every profile. Read how to compare ACS periods.

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Census statistical works are generally outside U.S. copyright protection under the Census public-access policy (DS027). Cite the Census Bureau product and this release ID.